3 That's it. dollar. In the majority of cases, this data is sufficient to predict future changes. Popular US Dollar (USD) Pairings. Weve been featured in some of the most reputable financial publications in the world, including Business Insider, Investopedia and Coindesk. The Monetaria moneta or money cowry is not native to West African waters but is a common species in the Indian Ocean. Over the last 30 days, we have recorded a fluctuation index is "very high" and a volatility of 21.69%. 1,000,000.00 Over 70 million downloads worldwide. Ghanaians, in theory, could exchange any number of 50 notes for coins or other banknotes without loss, but foreigners could not make any exchange. 100 US Dollars = 1,178.97 Ghanaian Cedis as of May 2, 2023 1:15:00 AM UTC. Don't forget to look at and compare exchange rates from other banks available from 2 sources. The African name Cedi (19651967) was introduced in place of the old British pound system. The exchange rate used for the USD/GHS currency pair was : 10.75. 14 Million USD to GHS. 10 US dollars to Ghanaian cedis Exchange Rate. Convert USD/GHS - Wise 1 USD to GHS - Convert $1 US Dollar to Ghana Cedi - Currency Converter X Ghanaian Cedi. Existing 1 and 2 cedi banknotes remain legal tender, though these denominations will be gradually replaced by coins to reduce costs. . Convert from Ghana Cedi (GHS) to United States Dollar (USD) The first cedi was pegged to sterling at a rate of 2.4cedis = 1pound or 8s 4d per cedi. One cedi is divided into one hundred pesewas (Gp). This chart shows data from 2022-5-2 to 2023-5-1. Over the last 7 days, the best beneficial exchange rate was $127,229,851.58. Compared to yesterday, the cost 1,000,000 of the cedis remains unchanged. How to convert US dollars to Ghanaian cedis. To view rates between the US Dollar and the Ghanaian Cedi for a particular year, click on one of the links below. The word cedi is derived from the Akan word for cowry shell which were once used in Ghana as a form of currency. The word "cedi" derives from the African word for . Today's Value of 1,000,000 Dollars in Ghana Cedi is 10,750,057 (GHS). US dollars to Ghanaian cedis Exchange Rate. Beware of bad exchange rates.Banks and traditional providers often have extra costs, which they pass to you by marking up the exchange rate. Below, you'll find Ghanaian Cedi rates and a currency converter. The years of issue does not indicated that the series have been coined every year in the period but that the coin has been issued more than once in the stated period. After the 50 note confiscation, fears existed that the government could also confiscate the 20 or even the 10 notes. provides the information in its best way. 10 Million Won to USD. in Ghana Cedi is 11,750,390 (GHS). In the last 10 years, the highest rate from US Dollars to Ghanaian Cedis was on November 28, 2022 when each US Dollar was worth GH14.627. The first cedi was replaced in 1967 by a "new cedi" which was worth 1.2 first cedis. [15] Beside the coins in general circulation the bank have also issued commemorative coins[16] These special coins have been issued in shillings (1958), crowns (1965), pounds (19581977), sikas (19972003) and cedis (2013-). After the February 1966 military coup, the new leaders wanted to remove the face of Nkrumah from the banknotes. Check out the market overview 1 US dollar to Ghanaian cedis Exchange Rate. 1 Million Won to USD. in Ghana Cedi is 164,505,460 (GHS). Find out the best rate in banks for GHS/USD exchange rates below. According to the mid-point between the "buy" and "sell" from global currency markets. Our currency converter is simple to use and also shows the latest currency rates. [12] The exchange rate as of 24October2022[update] was about GH15 per U.S. Be on the lookout for any changes, ready up-to-date. Current conversion is actual and use latest exchange rate of United States Dollar and Ghanaian Cedi currencies. As of today at 01:00AM UTC one billion five hundred million ghanaian cedis is equal to $127,229,851.58 (USD) or one hundred twenty-seven million two hundred twenty-nine thousand eight hundred fifty-one us dollars 58 cents. Also, you can make a reverse calculation and find out the current value of 300000 Cedis in United States Dollars. Our smart tech means were more efficient which means you get a great rate. 5000 . 1 USD to GHS - US Dollars to Ghanaian Cedis Exchange Rate - Xe Banks and other transfer services have a dirty little secret. [8][9], In August 2022, accelerating inflation and continued economic mismanagement has caused the cedi's value to drop to 10 U.S. cents (GH10 = US$1). Many other Ghanaians received "promise payment notes" from the banks, but never received compensation. was 14.627 Ghanaian Cedis per US Dollar on November 28, 2022. You won't receive this rate when sending money. Here's what the experts have to say, Bitcoin pulls back to start May as First Republic Bank saga comes to an end, Mastering this skill is the hardest part of personal finance, advisors say, Stocks making the biggest moves midday: JPMorgan Chase, General Motors, Exxon Mobil & more, Jamie Dimon says 'this part of the crisis is over' after JPMorgan Chase buys First Republic, Stocks making the biggest moves premarket: First Republic, JPMorgan Chase, SoFi Technologies & more, JPMorgan Chase takes over First Republic after biggest U.S. bank failure since 2008, Charlie Munger says the U.S. commercial property market is in trouble: FT report, Big banks including JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America asked for final bids on First Republic. US dollars to Ghanaian cedis Exchange Rate. Convert USD/GHS - Wise It has since lost over 90% of its value. Our currency converter will show you the current rate and how it's changed over the past day, week or month. The cost of 300,000 United States Dollars in Ghana Cedis today is 3,247,283.40 according to the "Open Exchange Rates", compared to yesterday, the exchange rate increased by 0.46% (by +0.05). The. which aggregates real-time forex data from the most authoritative sources. 1 GH = 100 pesewa Symbol GH The cedi is the unit of currency of Ghana. The high point for the USD/GHS rate This had the effect of driving nearly all commerce underground, where black market prices for commodities were the norm, and nothing existed on store shelves. For the basic conversion, we use the midpoint between the buy and sell rates of GHS to USD at currency exchanges across the globe. The "new cedi" (19672007) was worth 1.2 cedis, which made it equal to half of a pound sterling (or ten shillings sterling) at its introduction. Alternatively, you may try converting Ghanaian Cedis to US Dollars. GHS Recipient gets (Total after fees) Transfer fee. After the 50 note confiscation, the 20 note was the highest cedi denomination, but had a street value of only about $0.35 (U.S.). However, within months, the second cedi was devalued to a rate of 2.45 = 1stg, less than the initial value of the first cedi. The list is sorted at the top, from left to right, in descending order. A number of Ghanaian coins have also been issued in Sika denomination, and may have no legal tender status. It was the highest-valued currency unit issued by sovereign countries in Africa in 2007. Compare our rate and fee with Western Union, ICICI Bank, WorldRemit and more, and see the difference for yourself. USD Ghana's first President Dr. Kwame Nkrumah introduced Cedi notes and Pesewa coins in July 1965 to replace the Ghanaian pounds, shillings and pence. Recipient gets (Total after fees) Transfer fee. A second confiscation took place in 1982, when the 50 note (the highest denomination) was demonetized. In the majority of cases, this data is sufficient to predict future changes. 300000 United States Dollars (USD) to Ghana Cedis (GHS) today 3.8/5, 90.8k ratings. Over the last 7 days, the best beneficial exchange rate was $84,819.90. These six denominations were still in circulation until 2007. The symbol for the currency is "GH", used as a prefix. 3 That's it. up +18.00% Exchange-Rates.org 2023 MBH Media, Inc. The table shows the data and analysis of the variations. $1 = 10.82 +0.05 (+0.46%) at the rate on 2023-04-08. In the other states, the program is sponsored by Community Federal Savings Bank, to which we're a service provider. Click on the drop-downs to select the currencies you want to convert between. Federal Reserve Bank Historical Exchange Rates For Ghana Cedi to United States Dollar 120-day exchange rate history for GHS to USD Quick Conversions from Ghana Cedi to United States Dollar : 1 GHS = 0.0849132 USD Last Updated 4/30/2023 7:41:03 PM 1.00 US Dollar = 11.78 2487 Ghanaian Cedis 1 GHS = 0.0848717 USD We use the mid-market rate for our Converter. DISCLAIMER: All content provided herein our website is for your general information only, procured from third party sources. The government decided to "cut" four zeros off the currency by switching to the third cedi. one hundred old pence, so that 1 pesewa was equal to one penny. US dollars to Ghanaian cedis Exchange Rate. Convert USD/GHS - Wise Online interactive currency converter & calculator ensures provding actual conversion information of world currencies according to "Open Exchange Rates" and provides the information in its best way. How to convert Ghanaian cedis to US dollars. 1 Million USD to GHS - US Dollars to Ghanaian Cedis DISCLAIMER: All content provided herein our website is for your general information only, procured from third party sources. However, the 10 cedis (~0.1 U.S. cents) and 20 cedis (~0.2 U.S. cents) coins were not seen much due to their small value. Sending 1000.00 USD with. This means that in the general circulation there are worn out coins and coins in mint condition from the same issuing year. 1 Million USD to GHS - US Dollars to Ghanaian Cedis. GHC (Ghanaian Cedi) Definition - Investopedia Convert 1000000 US Dollar to Ghana Cedi using latest Foreign Currency Exchange Rates. Inverse: 1,500,000,000.00 USD = 17,684,529,000.00 GHS, Best 1,500,000,000 GHS to USD Exchange Rate. . This confiscation was publicly justified as a means to create a disincentive for the flourishing black market. , Feb 2, 2023. In the early 1980s, the government started cracking down hard on the retail of products at prices other than the official established sale price (also known as price controls). 1 Input your amount. 1 USD To GHS Convert United States Dollar To Ghanaian Cedi 1 USD = 11.776143 GHS May 01, 2023 09:28 UTC Send Money Check the currency rates against all the world currencies here. Every time. The change also provided an opportunity to remove Kwame Nkrumah's image from coins and notes. 1 Input your amount. 10 Million USD to GHS - US Dollar to Ghana Cedi - Currency Converter X 1 Million GHS to USD - Ghanaian Cedis to US Dollars . 1 Million USD to GHS - US Dollar to Ghana Cedi - Currency Converter X The exchange rate used for the USD/GHS currency pair was : 11.75. Wise gives you the real, mid-market, exchange rate, so you can make huge savings on your international money transfers. This is for informational purposes only. The currency code for Cedis is GHS, and the currency symbol is GH. This fear, along with inflation running at about 100% annually, started causing Ghanaians to lose their faith in their country's own currency. While the USDGHS spot exchange rate is quoted and exchanged in the same day, the USDGHS forward rate is quoted today but for delivery and payment on a specific . For the basic conversion, we use the midpoint . [6] The devaluation was temporarily halted in the last quarter of 2014 as the currency stabilized due to a pending IMF bailout of Ghana. The amount is in words: One Million (GHS), One Million Ghanaian cedis 00 pesewas. You can convert US Dollars to Ghanaian Cedis by using the exchange-rates.org currency converter in just one easy step. Ghana's first President Dr. Kwame Nkrumah introduced Cedi notes and Pesewa coins in July 1965 to replace the Ghanaian pounds, shillings and pence. 1 GHS to USD - Ghanaian Cedis to US Dollars Exchange Rate - Xe Our smart tech means were more efficient which means you get a great rate. In 2014, the inflation rose rapidly as the value of the third cedi fell to a fourth of its original value. 4.5/5, 2.2k ratings. [7], Due to its negligible purchasing power, the one pesewa coin is rarely seen in circulation. We make no warranties of any kind in relation to our content, including but not limited to accuracy and updatedness. The US Dollar is currently stronger than the Ghanaian Cedi given that 1 USD is equal to 11.790 GHS. After independence, Ghana separated itself from the British West African pound, which was the currency of the British colonies in the region. The Bank of Ghana has never stated if they are simply holding back already stamped coins until they are needed or if they are stamping coins successively with old issue years. Some transactions could only then be done in foreign currencies (although that was technically illegal), and other, more routine transactions began to revert to barter. 1 US dollar to Ghanaian cedis - Wise [22] Such changes are frequent and are not covered in this list. provides the information in its best way. Exchange rates can fluctuate by the minute while markets are open. Online interactive currency converter & calculator ensures provding actual conversion information of world currencies according to Open Exchange Rates and The Ghanaian Cedi is the currency of Ghana. With the currency converter, you can convert 300,000 United States Dollars to Cedis and find out how much three hundred thousand dollars is currently worth in Cedis. 23245.57 GHS Save up to 185.57 GHS. The cedi bore the portrait of the President and was equivalent to eight shillings and four pence (8s 4d), i.e. 1 USD . The first modern coins exclusively used at the Gold Coast were produced in 1796 but cowries were used alongside coins and gold dust as currency until 1901.[1]. You can get live exchange rates between US Dollars and Ghanaian Cedis using exchange-rates.org, which aggregates real-time forex data from the most authoritative sources. And if they have a fee, they charge you twice. One Ghanaian New Cedi is divided into one hundred Ghana pesewas. Simply type in the box how much you want to convert. Live Currency Rates. Stocks making the biggest moves after hours: Arista Networks, Chegg, MGM Resorts, Stryker and more, JPMorgan shares pop after the bank takes over embattled First Republic. In 1979 a currency confiscation took place. GHS | Ghanaian New Cedi | OANDA Convert USD/GHS - Wise 1 US dollar to Ghanaian cedis Convert USD to GHS at the real exchange rate USD Converted to GHS 1.00000 USD = 11.66000 GHS Mid-market exchange rate at 03:27 UTC Track the exchange rate Send money The safe and easy way to exchange your money The average exchange rate over this period was 10.670 Ghanaian Cedis per US Dollar. The currency symbol is GH. In the last 10 years, the US Dollar is By removing four digits, the Ghana cedi became the highest-denominated currency unit issued in Africa. 1 Million GHS to USD - Ghanaian Cedis to US Dollars As of today at 06:00AM UTC one million ghanaian cedis is equal to $91,839.13 (USD) or ninety-one thousand eight hundred thirty-nine us dollars 13 cents. Convert 1 US Dollars to Cedis - (USD in GHS) Exchange rate (1 USD GHS) Cheapest. Exchange rate (1 USD GHS) Cheapest. We give you the real rate, independently provided by Reuters. Banks and traditional providers often have extra costs, which they pass to you by marking up the exchange rate. The current exchange rate is equivalent to 0.0848. The signature on the notes also changes when a new governor takes over the management of the Bank of Ghana. Coins and bank accounts were unaffected. Also, its best to convert US Dollars to Ghanaian Cedis early in the week if you need Ghanaian Cedis urgently. Currency Information. Banks often advertise free or low-cost transfers, but add a hidden markup to the exchange rate. Just Look at Ghana", "Ghana's cedi now the world's worst-performing currency as Kenya's shilling also struggles", "$1 now 15.20; rate of depreciation to pound, euro slow down MyJoyOnline.com", "Bank of Ghana A brief historical background", "United States dollar (USD) and Ghana cedi (GHS) Exchange Rate History", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ghanaian_cedi&oldid=1130677243, GH1, GH2, GH5, GH10, GH20, GH50, GH100, GH200, W. O. II Larbi, Fred Otoo, E. Kwasi Nukpor, Miner, army officer, student, demonstrators, Original source of the above pre-2007 Ghanaian banknotes: https://www.banknotes.com/gh.htm, This page was last edited on 31 December 2022, at 11:32. The porcelain-like shells came to West Africa, beginning in the 14th century, through trade with Arab merchants. Stocks making the biggest moves after hours: Arista Networks, Chegg, MGM Resorts, Stryker and more, JPMorgan shares pop after the bank takes over embattled First Republic. The Bank of Ghana has been issuing all Ghanaian banknotes since 1958. History. 16.59 USD. purchasing power compared to Ghanaian Cedi over the last 10 years. Be on the lookout for any changes, ready up-to-date. GHS - Ghanaian Cedi rates, news, and tools | Xe = 11,750,390.00 For the basic conversion, we use the midpoint between the buy and sell rates of GHS to USD at currency exchanges across the globe. We make no warranties of any kind in relation to our content, including but not limited to accuracy and updatedness. Click on the drop-downs to select the currencies you want to convert between. You should conduct your own research, review, USD to GHS Convert US Dollars to Ghanaian Cedis - Exchange-Rates.org Ghanaian cedi - Wikipedia 11.7000 Mid-market rate. The current exchange rate is equivalent to 0.0848. We use cookies to personalize content, ads and to analyze our traffic. More Ghanaian Cedi info. Reverse : 14000000 GHS to USD, This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. The third Cedi has been losing value continuously since it was introduced. Receive daily email about the USD GHS exchange rate. Some coins are held back and released years after they are issued. If you execute a trade late in the week, it might not settle until the following week given that forex markets are closed on weekends. Last rates updated 2023-04-29. The currency converter shows the conversion of 1 US Dollars to Cedis as of today price. At the end of December 2007, more than 90% of all old coins and notes had been withdrawn. 2000 Euros to US Dollars. 14,000,000.00 Currency Rate Change; EUR / USD: . Cowries (plural of cowry) were formerly used as currency in what is now Ghana. -1.36%. = 164,505,460.00 As of today at 01:00AM UTC one million us dollars is equal to 11,789,686.00 (GHS) or eleven million seven hundred eighty-nine thousand six hundred eighty-six ghanaian cedis. High inflation ensued, and so the cedi was re-pegged at 2.80 = $1.00. In 1965, Ghana decided to leave the British colonial monetary system and adopt the widely accepted decimal system. Ghanaian cedis to US dollars Exchange Rate. Convert GHS/USD - Wise Check send rates Ghanaian Cedi to US Dollar conversion Last updated Apr 30, 2023, 10:48 UTC Convert Ghanaian Cedi to US Dollar 1 thousand US dollars to Ghanaian cedis - Wise By 1983 the cedi was worth about 120 to one U.S. dollar on the black market, a pack of cigarettes cost about 150 (if they could be found), but the bank rate continued at 2.80 = $1.00. The first cedi was introduced in 1965, replacing the pound at a rate of 2.4cedi = 1pound, or 1pesewa = 1penny. gained This chart will allow users to see the GHS/USD oscillation, and look at last year's data. Note: Rates obtained from these websites may contradict with, Last edited on 31 December 2022, at 11:32, The shield from the Coat of arms of Ghana, "Metal cedis and pesewas modern coins of Ghana", "Don't Give Out Change In Old notes, Coins", "Ghana Cedi at risk of sliding to 4 per Dollar, HFC says", "Bank of Ghana to phase out GH1 and GH2 notes soon", "GH1 and GH2 coins won't suffer fate of 1 pesewa coin Financial Expert assures", "We're already 'Breaking the 10'; the dollar is over-speeding Dr. Otchere-Ankrah 'shades' NPP", "CORRECTED-Ghana consumer inflation rises to 37.2% in September, statistics service says", "Emerging-Market Debt Is Sliding Into Distress. The United States Dollar to Cedi exchange rate on the chart allows you to track changes over different periods and draw conclusions about possible forecasts of the exchange rate of one currency in relation to another. The GHC was introduced on July 3, 2007. Simply type in the box how much you want to convert. 1 US Dollar = 11.790 Ghanaian Cedis as of May 2, 2023 1:15:00 AM UTC. Converter X provides up-to-date exchange rates on global currencies based on Open Exchange Rates. 1 Million Dollars to Ghana Cedis - 1 Million USD to GHS - Fx Rates Live [11], By October 2022, the cedi became the world's worst performing currency, having lost 60% of its value relative to the U.S. dollar since the end of 2021. GHC: The currency abbreviation for the Ghanaian cedi - the official currency of the Republic of Ghana. Click on the drop-downs to select the currencies you want to convert between. 1 Million USD to GHS - US Dollar to Ghana Cedi Currencies Trading Calendar Online Currency Converter Currency Converter X helps you convert 170+ world currencies and get the latest exchange rates. Using this website, you can find the current exchange rate for the Ghanaian cedi and a calculator to convert from Ghanaian cedis to Dollars. How to convert US dollars to Ghanaian cedis. 300000 USD = 3,536,905.80 GHS at the rate on 2023-05-02. The table shows the data and analysis of the variations. Alternatively, you may try converting US Dollars to Ghanaian Cedis. Over the last 7 days, the best beneficial exchange rate was 11,942,394.00. The cedi bore the portrait of the President and was equivalent to eight shillings and four pence (8s 4d), i.e. The word cedi is the Akan word for cowry shell. Here's what the experts have to say, Bitcoin pulls back to start May as First Republic Bank saga comes to an end, Mastering this skill is the hardest part of personal finance, advisors say, Stocks making the biggest moves midday: JPMorgan Chase, General Motors, Exxon Mobil & more, Jamie Dimon says 'this part of the crisis is over' after JPMorgan Chase buys First Republic, Stocks making the biggest moves premarket: First Republic, JPMorgan Chase, SoFi Technologies & more, JPMorgan Chase takes over First Republic after biggest U.S. bank failure since 2008, Charlie Munger says the U.S. commercial property market is in trouble: FT report, Big banks including JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America asked for final bids on First Republic. According to the mid-point between the "buy" and "sell" from global currency markets. Online interactive currency converter & calculator ensures provding actual conversion information of world currencies according to "Open Exchange Rates" and provides the information in its best way. Wise never hides fees in the exchange rate. The currency code for Ghanaian Cedis is GHS. Compare our rate and fee with Western Union, ICICI Bank, WorldRemit and more, and see the difference for yourself. [20][21] Most of the Ghanaian banknotes have been changed slightly from one year's issue to the next year's issue in the ongoing technological fight against counterfeit money. British pounds sterling to Ghanaian cedis Convert GBP to GHS at the real exchange rate Amount GBP Converted to GHS 1.00000 GBP = 14.65310 GHS Mid-market exchange rate at 08:11 UTC Track the exchange rate Send money The safe and easy way to exchange your money The exchange rate of the United States Dollar in relation to the Ghana Cedi on the chart, the table of the dynamics of the cost as a percentage for the day, week, month and year. Today's Value of 14,000,000 Dollars in Ghana Cedi is 164,505,460 (GHS). Reverse : 1000000 GHS to USD, This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. In 2021, the oil and gas sector was projected to add 10.59 billion Ghanaian cedis (GHS), around 1.83 billion U.S. dollars, to the Gross Domestic Product . year to date against the Ghanaian Cedi. As of today at 05:00AM UTC one million us dollars is equal to 10,888,605.00 (GHS) or ten million eight hundred eighty-eight thousand six hundred five ghanaian cedis. Wise US Inc is authorized to operate in most states. [3] From January 2008 old banknotes could only be exchanged at banks and were no longer legal tender. Simply type in the box how much you want to convert. Inverse: 1,000,000.00 GHS = 84,819.90 USD. A number of Ghanaian New Cedi coins have also been issued in Sika denominations. The cedi's value continued to be eaten away on the black market. As a result, the US Dollar has The USDGHS spot exchange rate specifies how much one currency, the USD, is currently worth in terms of the other, the GHS. [10] As of September2022[update], the annual inflation rate of 37.2% as reported by the Ghana Statistical Service was the highest since 2001. it into the desired position in your websites HTML source code. Explore the account used by 13 million people to live, work, travel and transfer money worldwide. This chart will allow users to see the USD/GHS oscillation, and look at last year's data. This process ended in 1990 with a free float of the cedi against foreign currencies. You can use this calculator offline while travelling in Ghana. The new currency was not introduced as the third cedi but is instead officially called the "Ghanaian cedi" (GH), in contrast to the second cedi that was officially known as the "new cedi". The new cedi was gradually phased out in 2007 in favor of the "Ghana cedi" at an exchange rate of 1:10,000. 28.7863. Inflation continued (see the exchange rate chart) until by July 2007, one US dollar was worth about 9500, and a transition to the third cedi was initiated. However, from a monetary perspective, currency confiscations have the effect of reducing the available cash in the economy, and thereby slowing the rate of inflation. 1.5 Billion GHS to USD - Ghanaian Cedis to US Dollars Click to copy to clipboard. Finally, with foreign currency completely drying up for all import transactions, the government was forced to begin a process of gradual devaluation, and a liberalization of its strict price controls. Our currency converter will show you the current rate and how it's changed over the past day, week or month. And with our daily summaries, youll never miss out on the latest news. 1.5 Billion GHS to USD - Ghanaian Cedis to US Dollars. The exchange rate used for the NGN/GHS currency pair was : .026. Convert United States Dollar To Ghanaian Cedi - Forbes Online interactive currency converter & calculator ensures provding actual conversion information of world currencies according to Open Exchange Rates and For the basic conversion, we use the midpoint between the buy and sell rates of USD to GHS at currency . analyse and verify our content before relying on them. The introduction of the new denomination coincided with the conclusion of the year-long centenary celebrations of the birth of Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana's first president, and has the commemorative text "Centenary of the Birth of Dr.Kwame Nkrumah".[5].

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