aggregate c. goal displacement d. outgroup, Susan and Mary are middle-aged women who have been neighbors for twenty-five years. For some civil and political rights, the goal is to limit the impact of the government in individual affairs. Bureaucratic personality refers to_____________________________. For the issues relating to merit and neutrality, attention to human rights can offer a different way to assess ability to earn and perform in a positionone that pays special attention to the circumstances of a specific employee and considers their status in society and the organization in which they work. coercive Ethical climate and rule bending: How organizational norms contribute to unintended rule consequences. The focus on technical proficiency and specialization from a structural standpoint has human rights implications, as well. Indeed, managers who are unwilling to delegate impede employee participation in decision making and goal setting and restrict information flow (Pandey and Rainey 2006) (Kaufmann et al. The supervisor of the office has been informed that Sarah consistently extends her lunch hour by 30 . 111. [Solved] Part of the Movement to Humanize Bureaucracy Includes __________ suggest that groups involve unequal power relationships so that not all members of a group are not equally likely to have their needs met. It permits them to challenge human rights violations in court and in public and it changes the nature of their demands. greater emphasis on sharing ideas. The real risk-free rate (r)\left(\mathrm{r}\right)(r) for all three years is 2 percent. employees' interaction with each other while at work It also serves to empower individuals to shape their own affairs through the right to political participation or access public services equally (Art. Otherwise, they see each other only occasionally when their paths cross between classes. d. 225, People do not voluntarily become members of __________ organizations. democratic a. the CEO or other person who comes to be associated with a bureaucratic organization b. the image a bureaucracy presents to the media c.an employee who is more concerned with following the rules than getting the job done d. employees' interaction with each other while at work c. Sociologist Amitai Etzioni classified formal organizations into three categories. The __________ style of leadership would be most effective in this situation. a. Exam 2 Flashcards | Quizlet c. generalized others Expectations for employee performance should shift attention away from the traditional focus on efficiency, outputs, and service delivery to consider the human rights-friendliness of practice. Sociology Chapter 5 Flashcards | Chegg.com Rishi identifies with the group members and feels a sense of belonging with them. b. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes efforts to reduce the number a. Indeed, Portillo, Bearfield, and Humphrey (2020) find, too, that commitments to merit and performance at the local level in the United States reinforce inequities and discrimination by clinging to neutral treatment of employees. a. The U.S. Senate consists of 100 members. 6. a. The movement to humanize bureaucracy includes making government and administrative processes more user-friendly, accessible, and responsive to the needs of citizens and customers. Applying the terms for problems that are frequent within bureaucracy, this is an example of __________, Let Quiz 3/Business - Business Communications, Criminal Justice - Crime Violence and Schools QuixDoc 2, Quiz Facts 8. utilitarian A kind word for Theory X: Or why so many newfangled management techniques quickly fail. Review of Public Personnel Administration. a. value of human rights and equal opportunity? United Nations Sustainable Development Group, From the right to development to the rights-based approach: How human rights entered development. Psychology - What is Psychology? d. a greater emphasis on sharing information, d. a greater emphasis on sharing information, Jocelyn is a senior at the local university and plans to attend graduate school to study sociology. Human rights enter public organizations therefore in two ways: (1) through the fact that bureaucracies consist of individuals who are entitled to their human rights; and (2) in that bureaucracies represent the state as a duty holder that has an obligation to protect, promote, and implement human rights. Why is bureaucracy a necessary part of management in most formal organizations? Easy Quiz 2. c. Hypothetical Students walking to class, shoppers in a department store, and people lined up to buy tickets are, 2. Representative bureaucracy brings to the fore the responsiveness of bureaucrats based on their shared identities and values with their clients. b. may be more common than most people would like to believe b. A component of a formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency: Which definition describes the term emotional labor? d. Expressive Calculate Everdeens 2015 earnings per share (EPS). D. putting the needs of the organization above competing responsibilities. Implementing an HRBA approach means a first step in compliance with essential international human rights standards, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and other international human rights laws. We posit that a human-rights framework can be useful to achieve this goal: it prioritizes the individual and positions principles such as nondiscrimination, equality, participation, and empowerment at the center of the design and evaluation of processes and structures in institutions. The ideal type, however, was never meant to be ideal; despite this, it has become a default framework for structuring and studying organizations, as if they should be structured as such. b. Human rights are applicable everywhere, for everyone, and at all times, and should not be limited except through the human rights of others or in times of emergency. Posted By : / forehand serve skill cues in badminton /; Under :lawrenceville school acceptance rate 2020lawrenceville school acceptance rate 2020 A HRBA therefore not only strengthens the equity pillar of public administration, but has the potential to improve the other three Es as well. a. division of labor A sample of 30 single-family houses listed for sale in Silver Spring, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, DC, is selected. a. They argue that these negative impacts can increase alienation and powerlessness (Blom et al. A number of people who may never have met one another but share a similar characteristic, such as education level, age, race, or gender, is called a(n) __________. subjects chose to conform to the incorrect responses of Asch's assistants about onethird (33 percent) of the time 21 UDHR). In addition, we did not address the element of ones job as a sole occupation (and thus assumed sole source of income): it could be argued that for many, the rate of pay they receive for their work is not enough to maintain a minimum standard of living. Hunt, P., A. Ely Yamin, and F. Bustreo. d. authoritarian, __________ leadership is most appropriate when the group's purpose is to complete a task or reach a particular goal. d. reference group, In discussing primary and secondary groups, the text points out that__________________. the formal structure of a bureaucracy Here, we address how current applications of bureaucratic elementsmerit and neutrality, as well as bureaucratic rulesmay not respect human rights. ingroups Though writing around the same time as Weber, Mary Parker Follett took employee psychology into account and advocated for organizations to enjoy power with rather than power over its employees (Shafrtiz and Hyde 2012, 12). Therefore, the bureaucratic emphasis on merit and neutrality may not be consistent with HRBA principles of nondiscrimination. 109. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes. b. efficiency d. cooperative, __________ needs are met by opportunities of self-expression and support from family, friends, and peers. informal group Scientific management, however, held little regard for individuals working in those organizations. DeHart-Davis (2017) recommends that the development of new rules includes input by stakeholders, including those impacted by the rule (participation). c. a greater emphasis on sharing ideas and problem-solving approaches. The purpose of the HRBA is to empower individuals to be more productive and active members of their societies, which can translate into the workplace. d. secondary groups, Most government, business, education, and religious organizations are __________ in form. Sociologist Charles H. Cooley used the term __________ to describe a small, less specialized group in. one-quarter laissez-faire The ideal-type characteristics of bureaucratic organizations, as specified by Max Weber, include an emphasis on_____. a. Borry and Getha-Taylor (2019) find that those most at risk for layoffs as a result of their jobs becoming automated are women and people of color (making organizations more male and more white). a. A. During her last semester, she has been using graduate sociology student papers as standards in evaluating her own writing skills. c. secondary group a. a more rigid hierarchical structure b. a reduction in the amount of informal activity c. helping employees focus on work d. a greater emphasis on sharing information. However, adopting a HRBA approach can offer important opportunities. Merit was a driving force for public sector hiring in the United States before Webers work was translated into English. Bureaucracy is an organizational model characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules and procedures, and impersonality in personnel matters. He chooses to take a passive approach to this problem, hoping that it will fix itself. d. normative, __________ size refers to the number of potential members a group has. c. bureaucratic A(n) __________ is a group to which a person belongs and with which the person feels a sense of identity.. b. A dozen inexperienced backpackers are preparing to settle in for the night when they realize that, someone in the group is missing. Social Further, Weber was concerned about bureaucracys ability to be system of domination (Weiss 1983, 243) where power is concentrated to the few at the top. Let Quiz 2, Sociology - Introductory Sociology - Quizgoat Shortly after, the human relations movement of the 20th century sought to shine light on the people within organizations (Roby 2012). Overall, this impacts employees ability to participate in decision-making processes and determine their own affairs. b. a. c. Relational They encourage organizations to look carefully at how efficiency gains may decrease workplace equity, at best, and be discriminatory, at worst. b. But by going beyond the letter of the rules to make a judgment that no computer was capable of doing, they spelled all the difference between a living bureaucracy and an ossified one. We use cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. For example, Woodard (2005) argues that merit has become more related to compensation than to values driving the public sector workforce. This movement is viewed as a response to the scientific management movement, in which Frederick Taylor conducted time-and-motion studies to find the one best way of doing work and, thus, one best way to manage (Shafritz and Hyde 2012). To many __________, groups and organizations are generally characterized by superficiality and depthlessness in social relationships. reference group We argue that bureaucracy theory should be reassessed through the lens of human rights because bureaucracies are made up of humans and because they serve individuals who also have human rights. the iron law of oligarchy Dyads are different from triads because Our analysis shows that even though equity is considered one of the four pillars of public administration, it is severely lacking in public organizations. Achieving equity in public organizations entails not only acknowledging existing inequalities and issues, but also active engagement toward a more equitable bureaucratic structure and addressing underlying structural conditions, such as education, living standards, and employment access. A homeless man appears at the door of a shelter 10 minutes after the deadline for intake. It neglects that in the end, bureaucracies are essentially made up of humans who have needs, desires, and rights. 2021). Similarly, the use of human rights language has shown to contribute to individual empowerment and agency for underrepresented groups and foster more substantive visions of justice, provide a moral framework, and a common language to express core values of the organization with regards to equity (Ignatieff 2001). c. formal group a. Thus, he developed Theory Y management based on Maslows (1943) hierarchy of needs. c. groupthink Sociologists term this awareness __________. helping employees focus on work Leisha DeHart-Daviss unbureaucratic personality (2007) is the bureaucrat who bends rules. Relational Which of the following concepts is based on the central idea that those who control bureaucracies not only wield power but also have an interest in retaining their power? Katy is a member of the literature club in her college, but she neither accepts nor follows the values and norms of the club. d. the size of the group has little influence on the extent to which individuals respond to group pressure, b. We argue that a HRBA is useful in centering the values and principles of human rights and individual empowerment as a core value of bureaucratic organization and achievement, and serves as a way to evaluate the human rights affinity of current processes, afford bureaucrats human rights, and give insight on how to reform bureaucracies to make them more favorable to human rights. They argue that this myth of neutrality is racializedcivil service reform based on merit was often racist and quite xenophobic (p. 7)which has current-day implications on equity. The sociologist who first defined the differences between primary and secondary groups is __________., Which of these sociologists first suggested that small groups have interaction patterns that do not exist in larger groups? a reduction in the amount of informal activity Interpret the meaning of the Y intercept, b0b_0b0, and the slope, b1b_1b1, in this problem. As the name makes clear, human rights designates individuals as rights holders. Another example includes bureaucracys emphasis on merit as a driving factor, which not only relates to hiring and retention practices, but also, by extension, organizational performance. d. primary group, __________ leadership provides emotional support for members. b. d. putting organizational needs above competing responsibilities. In addition, rule bending and breaking can lead to a lack of transparency and accountability, especially if rules are bent in a way to exclude employees from full participation in the organization. a. human rights 2018). c. Stanley Milgram Sociology Exam 2 (Ch. From Rishi's perspective, the reading group is an example of a(n) __________. Sociology Chapter 6: Groups and Organizations Flashcards Pugh, D. S., D. J. Hickson, C. R. Hinings, and C. Turner. Designing a bureaucratic environment with particular attention to structural inequalities and vulnerabilities leads to a more human rights-friendly environment focused on nondiscrimination and equality. This echoes Woodard (2005): the rules (or Portillo et al.s institutionalized myths) do not reflect merit (or neutrality), and thus create issues for the achievement of a truly meritorious and neutral government bureaucracy. a. significant others The specific content, nature, and implementation of human rights depends on the cultural context, but there is consensus that the protection from enslavement, prohibition of genocide and torture, rights to free speech, assembly, and political participation, fair trial and to be equal before the law, or to education are part of a basic human rights catalog. Rather, public organizations structured by rules are likely to have red tape. d. social group, Almost __________ of Stanley Milgram's research subjects went all the way to what could have been a deadly jolt of electricity if the shock generator had been real. In addition, organizations can be cognizant about the way that specialization and hierarchy (and thus, centralization of decision making) can reduce employee agency and empowerment. d. collective unconscious, Leaders using the __________ style of leadership may be praised for their expressive, supportive behavior toward group members, but they may also be blamed for being indecisive in times of crisis. b. grassroots serve to prevent classism, racism, sexism, and ageism This is one of the primary reasons for the emergence of __________. b. primary group From a ________ perspective, schools are responsible for teaching students to be productive members of society. 10. 17. A(n) __________ is an abstract model that describes the recurring characteristics of some phenomenon (such as bureaucracy). The right to freedom of speech, for example, limits the ability of the state to regulate personal opinion or interfere in private matters. As we showed in this article, human rights provide a universal benchmark for minimum standards of behavior. part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes within bureaucracy, this is an example of __________. d. Cohesion, A dozen inexperienced backpackers are preparing to settle in for the night when they realize that someone in the group is missing. What can we do with a rights-based approach to development? An individual is removed from their position on the receiving end and can actively pursue what is their right. b. b. Given discussed critiques by the human relations movement and representative bureaucracy that bring employees back to the fore, we questioned whether these characteristics are compatible with the growing recognition of human rights. aggregate d. rules and regulations, After conducting his research, Solomon Asch concluded that __________. In which of these types of groups is the participation of all members crucial to the survival of the group? Sociology EXAM 2 Flashcards | Quizlet While scholars have focused on employees and the importance of employees roles in achieving bureaucratic goals, namely, to serve the public responsively and efficiently, we argue that they only consider employees well-being as it relates to these goals and do not employ a truly human-centered approach. Black or blue: Racial profiling and representative bureaucracy, Merit by any other nameRefraining the civil service first principle. From the organization perspective, inefficiencies may result, which is not a goal of bureaucracy. New Age ideologies, the "Go Green" movement, locally grown food movements, and the resurgence of farmers' markets are all examples of what type of fads? Call 896 6000. Wright Mills c. category d. grassroots, A(n) __________ organization is a highly structured secondary group formed for the purpose of achieving specific goals in the most efficient manner. The rules do not always provide quick and precise guides for dealing with every actual case. a greater emphasis on sharing ideas and problem-solving approaches. A meta-analysis of the impact of red tape on people and organizations. Discrimination of any kind, such as that based on race, color, sex, ethnicity, age, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, disability, property, birth or other status is therefore prohibited. Notably, and consistent with this view, Webers opening sentence to the essay about bureaucracy (1946, 146)Modern officialdom functions in the following specific mannerindicates description rather than prescription. 7 Indeed, no one would have blamed the PhilHealth people if they had opted to be more bureaucratic, given the ongoing high-profile inquiries into the corruption attending disbursements of public funds. psychological detachment among members The ultimate test for HRBA is the results it creates in enhancing the enjoyment of political, civil, economic, and social rights for bureaucrats and who they serve. d. authoritarian, Students walking to class, shoppers in a department store, and people lined up to buy tickets are examples of __________. d. the power elite, Which of these is an example of a coalition? part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes Sociology ch. 5 Flashcards | Quizlet The informal activities within a bureaucracy. d. impersonality, A school district is run by a board of elected officials, which hires a superintendent, who in turn selects principals for its schools and other administrative staff. b. triad Steps need to be taken to mitigate the potential negative effects of specialization for human rights and equity. a. 2020). Brainscape helps you realize your greatest personal and professional ambitions through strong habits and hyper-efficient studying. This translates into meritthose qualified for the job are thus meritorious for the job (and notably, qualifications matter, whereas personal characteristics of individuals do not). c. hierarchy of authority a. These raise questions about the dehumanizing effects of bureaucracy, something Weber himself cautioned. As we showed, research on merit and neutrality in the public sector relates to bureaucracys emphasis on technical proficiency, specialization, and some form of promotion. All of these measures directly relate to the discussions on merit, neutrality, and rules discussed above. Today, human rights are codified in international and national laws. Two tenets of bureaucracy are related to rules: management by ruleswhich relates to the organization of the officeand the requirement for written rules that can be learned (Weber 1946). Notably, while bureaucracys characteristics can create an impersonality or disinterestedness that is beneficial for democracy (Du Gay 2000 in Adler 2012), this impersonality can also lead to an iron cage, in which people are destined to live but over which [they], as ordinary citizens, have little control (Maley 2004, 69). The Relationship between the Bureaucracy and the Public. Centralization, which is the concentration of decision-making power (Pugh et al. 108. Sociology Ch. 5 Quiz Flashcards | Quizlet Conflict theorists This effort aims to improve the overall experience of interacting with government and administrative agencies, making it less bureaucratic and more streamlined. __________ is the term for compliance in which people follow direct orders from someone in a position of authority. For example, research on red tape (Bozeman 2000), green tape (DeHart-Davis 2009; , 2017), and rule behavior such as rule bending (Borry 2017; DeHart-Davis 2007) all relate to bureaucracys principles of written rules. all secondary groups are approximately the same size Broadly, rules, when they beget compliance, lead to consistent behavior by those in the organization. A HRBA requires a differentiated approach, taking into account the humanity and specific circumstances of employees and clients of public organizations. __________ needs are met by opportunities of self-expression and support from family, friends, and peers. Agency by underrepresented groups: A HRBA allows underserved groups to mobilize and claim their entitlements. This law codified merit principles that guide the federal human resources management system. Human rights training for employees at all levels and raising awareness for peoples human rights, both in general and specifically relating to their work role, can increase participation and access and raises consciousness for basic human right principles such as nondiscrimination and equality as well as the indivisibility and interdependence of human rights in the organizational context. 112. Notably, it provided a blueprint of characteristics of bureaucratic organizations and how they best function. c. democratic A. strengthening existing hierarchical structures. c. popular culture. a. The goal is to empower individuals in being active participants in the process and creates rights, responsibilities, and concrete expectations. I assured him that PhilHealth is better run nowadays and though it might take a while to process the claim, he would eventually get his reimbursement. Which of these is not one of them? a. These bonds are considered risk-free, so the rates given here are risk-free rates (rRF)\left(\mathrm{r}_{\mathrm{RF}}\right)(rRF).

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